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Mavi Boncuk Agents of Empire Knights, Corsairs, Jesuits and Spies in the Sixteenth-Century Mediterranean World by Noel Malcolm 1 This item is not yet published. It is available for pre-orders and will ship on 01 August 2015 624 Pages 8 pp insert 6-1/8 x 9-1/4 inches ISBN: 785 Noel Malcolm is a Senior Research Fellow at All Souls College, Oxford, and a Fellow of the British Academy, has previously written histories of Bosnia (1994) and Kosovo (1998). He is a general editor of the Clarendon edition of Thomas Hobbes, for which he himself has produced acclaimed editions of Hobbes's correspondence (1994) and Leviathan (2012).
He is also a former Foreign Editor of the Spectator. He was knighted in 2014. Agents of Empire is his newest book. The first account of the life and family of Antonio Bruni Examines a family that was closely intertwined with some of the major events of sixteenth-century European history, especially regarding Christian and Ottoman relations Draws attention to the Albanian strand that runs through sixteenth-century European history Large-scale history that combines Stephen Greenblatt's The Swerve and David Abulafia's The Great Sea In the late sixteenth century, a prominent Albanian named Antonio Bruni composed a revealing document about his home country.
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Historian Sir Noel Malcolm takes this document as a point of departure to explore the lives of the entire Bruni family, whose members included an archbishop of the Balkans, the captain of the papal flagship at the Battle of Lepanto-at which the Ottomans were turned back in the Eastern Mediterranean-in 1571, and a highly placed interpreter in Istanbul, formerly Constantinople, the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire that fell to the Turks in 1453. The taking of Constantinople had profoundly altered the map of the Mediterranean.
By the time of Bruni's document, Albania, largely a Venetian province from 1405 onward, had been absorbed into the Ottoman Empire. Even under the Ottomans, however, this was a world marked by the ferment of the Italian Renaissance. In Agents of Empire, Malcolm uses the collective biography of the Brunis to paint a fascinating and intimate picture of Albania at a moment when it represented the frontier between empires, cultures, and religions. The lives of the polylingual, cosmopolitan Brunis shed new light on the interrelations between the Ottoman and Christian worlds, characterized by both conflict and complex interdependence.
The result of years of archival detective work, Agents of Empire brings to life a vibrant moment in European and Ottoman history, challenging our assumptions about their supposed differences. Malcolm's book guides us through the exchanges between East and West, Venetians and the Ottomans, and tells a story of worlds colliding with and transforming one another. Ethno-religious quarters at the beginning of the 20 th century. (Drawing by C.
Pallini) 1 While Greeks assembled in the south-eastern area of the Hippodrome and the Palace of Galerius, and Turks occupied the upper town, the Jews were concentrated in the partially-deserted lower town adjacent to the port and market areas.The Jews who arrived from the Iberian Peninsula found there the old Romaniote synagogue Etz Haim and the more recent synagogues Askhenaz, Italia and Sicilia. Those who had originally come from Spain considered themselves more civilized and refined than the other immigrants and were inclined to remain aloof. They came from many areas and, like the Italian Jews, tended to group together by home town, city, or area of origin. Thus new Jewish communities became established and new synagogues were founded: Gerush Sefarad (Expelled from Spain), Castilia, Catalan, Aragon and Mayor (Majorca). Others were founded by Portuguese Jews (Portugal, 1497 or 1525; Lisbon, 1510; Evora, 1512 or 1535) and by Jews from Calabria (Calabria, 1497) and Southern Italy (Puglia, 1502). The 1519 survey reports the 16 Jewish neighborhoods that recreated 15th-century Spain in Salonika.
Mavi Boncuk “In olden days, The Jews of Salonika lived in houses which surrounded large courtyards called cortijos1. The houses formed a kind of square around the courtyard. Facing the courtyard were open galleries, with roofs held up by wooden pillars. At the back were the living quarters with small grilled windows overlooking the street. Each house would give refuge to a family comprised of many souls To house these new generations it was necessary to construct room after room, reducing the size of the courtyard with new extensions, and sometimes even to overflow into the street. The Jewish dwellings always had a modest and inexpressive exterior, sometimes even a shabby look. The cortijos were not completely devoid of foliage and fig trees, pomegranate trees, vines and jujube trees gave welcome shade during the warm summer.
In the spring, jasmine and roses emitted a delicious perfume which permeated the air.”. The Idol Arcade at Salonika, from J. Stuart and N. Revett, The antiquities of Athens, 1794 (Private collection, Salonika). This is an example of a cortijo which was formed by the conjestion of multiple Jewish dwellings around an interior courtyard where most daily activities were carried out. A dye-works in cortijos of Salonika, early 20th century.
See also: 1 A cortijo is a type of traditional rural habitat in the Southern half of Spain, including all of Andalusia and parts of Extremadura and Castile-La Mancha. Cortijos may have their origins in ancient Roman villas, for the word is derived from the Latin cohorticulum, a diminutive of cohors, meaning 'courtyard'. They are often isolated structures associated with a large family farming or livestock operation in the vast and empty adjoining lands.
In certain Anatolian towns, in Izmir Smyrna and Aydin for instance, an important part of the Jewish population lived in cortijos, vast enclosed yards. Sephardic Jews migrated to the Ottoman Empire from the Iberian Peninsula and while migrating they brought along their culture, which developed in those land as well as their traditions, and residential architecture, which was shaped by their lifestyle in that region. They lived in family homes, known as Cortijo in Spanish, or Yahudhane by locals, where a courtyard, which also serves as a guest room and a where a central fountain is placed, is surrounded by rooms. Cortijos were built in Ikicesmelik, the first settlement of Jews in Izmir. One of Izmir’s most recognizable person, a very popular singer from Izmir, Dario Moreno, has grown up in on of these cortijos. Life in cortijos have blended with Izmir's food culture and served the people of Izmir as 'boyoz' and the 'subiya' (a sherbet drink made of melon seed). Family homes or cortijos allowed crowded families to live together in a type of housing forming an inward life.
Central courtyard with its surrounding two-storey structure created an intimate residential environment. Jewish homes, as seen in the examples of cortijo, served the needs of coexistence of Jews who prefer to be discreet by hiding from the society they live in as a minority population. Unfortunately, cortijos, which date back to the early years of Jewish settlement in Izmir, did not survive to the present day. Only five or six cortijos exist out of 27 cortijos counted in 1982. Cortijos, which were built in later periods, give us an idea about the architecture of this type of housing.
All existing cortijos are located in Tilkilik Namazgah neighborhood. Mavi Boncuk The Turkish general election of 2015 was held on 7 June 2015 to elect the 550 members of the Grand National Assembly. The election was the 24th general election in the history of the Turkish Republic and the elected members formed the 25th Parliament of Turkey. On 28 October 2014, the Supreme Electoral Council of Turkey determined that one ballot box would be used per 360–380 voters, while villages that had a population of less than 400 would be able to collectively vote using one ballot box. The Supreme Electoral Council scrapped the appointment-voting system that had been used in 2014 presidential election, where overseas citizens needed to book an appointment at a consulate to cast their votes. The system was blamed for the unexpectedly low turnout of less than 10% overseas compared to the 74.13% within Turkey.
According to the new decision by the Council, overseas voters will be able to cast their votes up to 24 days before the actual general election within Turkey takes place without booking an appointment. Voting abroad began on 8 May and ended on 31 May. This was the second Turkish election where Turkish expats were also able to vote. The votes cast overseas did not affect the parliamentary distribution since there are no overseas constituencies that elect members of parliament.
Votes cast overseas only influenced the vote share, which could define whether or not a party passed the 10% election threshold and also the party that came first overall in the general election. Votes were flown and counted in Turkey after polls abroad closed on 31 May. Otto Liman von Sanders (1855-1929), Commander of German-Turkish Forces in World War I Mavi Boncuk Equestrian portrait of Otto Liman von Sanders in a picture taken between circa 1910 and circa 1915.
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Probably before the Kassel Ottoneum. Generalleutnant Otto Liman von Sanders (February 17, 1855 – August 22, 1929) was a German general who served as adviser and military commander for the Ottoman Empire during World War I. He was born in Stolp in Pomerania region in Germany.
His father was a Jewish nobleman. Like many other Prussians from aristocratic families, he joined the military and rose through the ranks to Lieutenant General.
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Like several Prussian generals before him (e.g., Von Moltke and Baron von der Goltz), the unpopular Liman served in numerous staff and divisional commands before being appointed director of a German military mission to Turkey in 1913 intended to reorganise the army of the Ottoman Empire. A portrait of Otto Liman von Sanders taken in 1914. As commander of the German Military Mission, Otto von Sanders was given the rank of Turkish marshal and command of the First Army Corps. Under his guidance the mission provided an infusion of experience and professionalism that had previously been lacking in the Turkish Army.
Specialist troops, artillery units, armaments and other military supplies were provided as part of this alliance. Mavi Boncuk Turkey of the Ottomans By Lucy Mary Jane Garnett1 Prince Sehzade Yusuf Izzeddin Effendi (10 October 1857 - 1 February 1916, Ottoman Turkish: یوسف عزالدین افندی) was the Son of Sultan Abdul Aziz and the Crown Prince of the Ottoman Empire from 1909 until his death. Prince Yusuf lived in obscurity from the time of his father's death in 1876 until the dethronement of his cousin, Sultan Abdul Hamid II in 1909. Under the Turkish constitution, Yusuf, the oldest Ottoman prince, became heir to his cousin, Mehmed V. Ab de villiers images. Considered a modernizer and reformer, he apparently committed suicide on 1 February 1916. It was suspected at the time that he might have been murdered at the connivance of the powerful minister of war, Enver Pasha, with whom he had clashed. Source: New York Times, February 4, 1916 1 Lucy Mary Jane Garnett (1849–1934), folklorist and traveller.1 She is best known for her work in Turkey.
She also translated Greek folk poetry. Around the turn of the nineteenth century British folklorist and traveller Lucy Mary Jane Garnett (1849-1934) published several books on Turkish folklore and mysticism. Having travelled extensively in the Balkans and Middle East, Garnett was considered an expert on the cultures in these regions both by fellow folklorists and the wider British audience that read her books. Her knowledge of Greek and Turkish, languages she learned in Smyrna and Salonica, aided her greatly in compiling books such as Greek Folk-Songs from the Turkish Provinces of Greece (1890), The Women of Turkey and their Folk-Lore (1890), Mysticism and Magic in Turkey (1912), Ottoman Wonder Tales (1915) and Balkan Home Life (1917).
Together with her publication of reviews and articles on the same subjects in well-known and widely read journals and magazines, Garnett’s body of work presented her perspective on the customs of the Balkans to a large British audience. Lucy Garnett aimed to supplement the accounts of earlier, mostly male travel writers who visited the Balkans with information about the lives of women, which she thought to be sorely lacking in previous works about the region. She sought not just to educate her fellow countrymen about the folklore of the Balkans, but specifically emphasised the life and status of Balkan women. This presentation will consist of a comparative study of Garnett’s statements about her role as a mediator between East and West and the perception of that role and her work by the British press in reviews of her work, in particular The Women of Turkey and their Folk-Lore which includes chapters written by male folklorist John.
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Specific attention will be paid to the influence of Garnett’s co-operation with Stuart-Glennie on her reception in Britain. Astrid Kulsdom The Representation and Reception of Lucy M.
Garnett as a Specialist on Balkan (Women’s) Folklore. Mavi Boncuk Election 2015 What Happened in all the Provinces ranked on Population (2014) AK Party performed better than the final election numbers in the top 20 Provinces. Based on the voting patterns in the 7 largest provinces with a total MP count of 206 out of 550. HDP could not achieve the 10% barrier. However in the second tier of 13 cities HDP is clearly the top opposition party. We need to see how destinies changed in smaller provinces with a lower threshold to elect an MP to Turkish Parliament Buyuk Millet Meclisi.